IS RESOURCE SPECIALIZATION THE KEY?: SOME, BUT NOT ALL RED CROSSBILL CALL TYPES ASSOCIATE WITH THEIR KEY CONIFERS IN A DIVERSE NORTH AMERICAN LANDSCAPE

Red Crossbills (Fringillidae: Loxia curvirostra) are finches specialized to pry open cones and extract seeds of coniferous trees.Within the species, variable bill morphology may provide more efficient foraging on some species of conifers than others.Subgroups also have distinctly different contact calls often given in flight (hereafter, call types)

The Chevreul illusion is a well-known 19(th) century brightness illusion, comprising adjacent homogeneous grey bands of different luminance, which are perceived as inhomogeneous.It is generally explained by lateral inhibition, according to which brighter areas projected to the retina inhibit the sensitivity of neighbouring retinal areas.Lateral inh

The survey was conducted to prepare a preliminary checklist of butterflies of Mendrelgang, Bhutan.Butterflies were sampled from February 2012 to February 2013 to assess the species richness in a degraded forest patch of a sub-tropical broadleaf forest.This short-term study recorded 125 species of butterflies in 78 genera Serrapeptase from five fami

Morocco is basically an agricultural country; almost 40% of the workforce is employed in this sector.Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-inhabiting pathogen which can infect more than 300 plant species, although most host ORG B-12 RASPBERRY SPRAY species are symptomless.Until relatively recently, X.fastidiosa was primarily limited to North and South Amer